A half-deflated leather football, a box of marbles, a ragged doll and a handful of windup cars and trains line the display cabinets in the Evita Museum like ancient relics. These worn-out toys played a vital role in the rise of Peronism in Argentina, one of the most influential movements in Latin America.
Long before politicians started using social media to influence public opinion, the political movement of Juan Per贸n and his second wife also sought to touch voters on a personal level: handing out toys to 4 million children from Argentina’s poorest families. The practice was fundamental to the popularity and at times unconditional backing showered by Argentines on Peronism, which persisted far beyond the deaths of Per贸n and wife Eva Mar铆a Duarte, famously known as Evita and idolized by her supporters as the “champion of the poor.”
To mark the 100th anniversary of her birth on May 7, 1919, the Evita Museum in Buenos Aires has inaugurated an exhibition titled “Childhood and Peronism, the toys of the Eva Per贸n Foundation.” It displays several dozen of the toys distributed by the party every Christmas Day and the Epiphany holiday between 1948 and 1955.
“Children were always given particular importance in Eva’s work, especially all matters concerning children’s rights,” Marcela Gen茅s, the museum’s curator, told The Associated Press. “She herself had a very impoverished childhood and that stayed with her. Achieving justice for children was a particular focus for Eva.”
Juan Per贸n, an army general, served as president for two different spans. He first took office in 1946 and won re-election in 1951 with a landslide victory of 63.4% of the votes, still the highest percentage ever in Argentina. The beginning of his second term, in 1952, was overshadowed by Evita’s death at age 33 from uterine cancer. Three years later, he was overthrown and forced into exile by a military coup. After 18 years, Per贸n returned and was elected president again in 1973. He served until his death in 1974 and was succeeded by his widow, Isabel Per贸n, who herself was ousted by the military in 1976.
Leaving behind humble beginnings, Evita arrived in Buenos Aires as a teenager. She worked as an actress until she met Per贸n at a festival held to raise funds for the victims of Argentina’s 1944 earthquake. Once she had become first lady, she created the Eva Per贸n Foundation after being prevented from heading the Buenos Aires Charitable Society, an organization formed by upper-class women who traditionally appointed the first lady as its honorary president.
Many children were delivered toys by Evita herself, while others picked up their gifts at post offices across the country.
One item in the museum exhibit is a tin train set. Somewhat rusty, it has huge sentimental value for 80-year-old Sa煤l Macyszyn. Seven decades ago, it helped him recover after an accident left him without one arm and paralyzed in the other arm and both legs.
Macyszyn chokes up when he recalls being visited in the hospital by Evita after undergoing a seventh surgery.
“I saw many doctors and nurses coming toward me. Evita was in the middle of them. With all the flashes from the photographers’ cameras, it looked like she had fallen from heaven,” he said.
First, Evita greeted his parents. She then approached his bedside and said: “Look, little Sa煤l, you will not be able to be a worker like your father. You will have to study. The foundation will give you a scholarship.”
Macyszyn said the accident had left him isolated, because an amputated arm was considered “monstrous” in those days. The train set he received from Evita served as a bridge with other children.
“Everyone in the neighborhood would come, so I had lots of friends. I had a happy childhood,” he said.
The foundation continued after Evita’s death until the coup toppled Per贸n.
Critics of Peronism accuse the movement of engaging in populism and patronage to win votes from the poor rather than promoting social mobility through enduring structural reforms. But away from political debates, Evita’s persona has transcended time and borders.
The worldwide fascination began in the 1970s with Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical “Evita.” Then came Alan Parker’s film starring Madonna that was based on the musical, followed by Evita’s dresses shown at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art as part of a Christian Dior exhibit. The Evita Museum draws dozens of tourists every day.
One recent visitor, Paola Jaque of Chile, looked at the toy exhibition in admiration.
“The variety of toys and the letters the children wrote to ask her for toys caught my eye,” Jaque said. “She answered them personally, which I don’t believe happens nowadays.”q
